When do I need to include page numbers in an in-text citation?
Answer
In general, you should include page numbers when quoting or paraphrasing sources. However, not all sources provide page numbers and they are therefore not required.
For example:
- Websites
- Videos and Audio (use timestamps instead)
- Newspaper and Magazine articles accessed on their websites through Google
- Plain text articles from library databases (ex: Of Romance and Puppies)
- Online Encyclopedia Articles
- Books without page numbers (graphic novels, Project Gutenberg books, etc.,)
- Books accessed through Apple Books
- Lecture Notes
- Journal articles with an article number instead of page numbers (ex: Pandemic Puppies)
- Plays (use line numbers)
- Poems (use line numbers)
- Religious Works (The Bible, etc., use chapter and verse)
APA is the only exception to this. For many of these sources it recommends to use the title of a section or paragraph number (obtained by counting the paragraphs manually) in place of a page numbers.
If you need further help, contact a librarian.